In the late 19th century, the spread of foundational football codes resulted in three landmark first “international” matches in one decade—Rugby in 1871, Soccer in 1872, and Aussie Rules in 1879—with only two currently recognised by their world bodies. Geoffrey Gold revisits those formative contests, where local loyalties, emerging identities, and sporting innovation collided, shaping the distinct global paths of sporting competitions. The world's first 'capped' international footballers of the first Rugby International in 1871 - Left: Scotland's (back): R. Munro, J.S. Thompson, J.W. Arthur, T. Chalmers; (standing): A. Buchanan, A.G. Colville, W. Forsyth, J.A. Mein, R.W. Irvine, W.D. Brown, A. Drew, W. Cross, J.F. Finlay, F.J. Moncrieff, G. Ritchie; (sitting): B. Ross, W. Lyall, T.R. Marshall, J.H. McFarlane, A.H. Robertson; and Right: England's J.E. Bentley, A.E. Gibson, F. Tobin), D.L.P. Turner, F. Stokes, J.H. Clayton, R.R. Osbourne, J.H. Luscombe; (mi...
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